Ray Wergan - 1934-2024

You may have seen earlier last week on Facebook that I had the sad task of reporting the death of former Marvel UK London Bullpen supremo Ray Wergan, who left us at the age of 90.

It’s inevitable with any type of research project that you’ll sometimes hit, what seems to be, an insurmountable dead end and become becalmed.

But, with a fair wind behind you, sometimes you get lucky.

As I’m sure I’ve recounted previously – and certainly within the pages of the long overdue From Cents to Pence! – that was the case when I finally tracked down Ray Wergan. The trail had gone cold after I discovered he’d wound up his business and sold his photo library to Scope Features (now themselves defunct, so that archive could now be anywhere). They were unable to provide any contact details after such a long time. I later learned that he’d slipped away into a happy retirement down in Devon.

Ray was a very private person, and had never been interviewed, so there were no leads to be had there either. And that really should have been the end of it. And it very nearly was if not for a single turn of a page one morning in the Saturday edition of The Times.

As it still does today, the Saturday edition runs a half page Feedback column once a week devoted to readers comments concerning published items, queries about correct writing style, and other items of note. On Saturday 29th January 2011, the then curator of the column Sally Barker, opened that week’s feature with some knowledgeable, and witty commentary about the way they were using photos of their journalists. The correspondent? Raymond Wergan.

Cue hairs bristling on the back of my neck!

Even though I was looking for a Ray Wergan, this was too coincidental – and knowing he’d worked with a press photo library, it just felt right. Diving upstairs to quickly compose a letter to Sally, I asked if she might forward a brief letter of introduction to that writer, explaining why I was seeking to make contact if indeed he was the man I’d been seeking. She was very happy to oblige.

After an anxious wait of a few days a message popped up in my inbox. Entitled ‘Marvel UK’ – I’d found him!

This wasn’t my first contact with anyone from the London Bullpen. That had come about after Scott Gray had kindly passed on contact details for Alan Murray. But I’m sure he won’t mind me saying that finding Ray was a whole other order of magnitude given his pin-sharp detailed knowledge of the business side of the Marvel operation. It’s no lie to say that his every word was gold dust. None of this was on record anywhere.

There had been previously published pieces on visits to the Bullpen in contemporary fanzines, but none with any comments from Ray. He was content to let his editors do the talking, as could be heard on various radio programmes throughout the 1970s, sometimes coinciding with Stan Lee’s own promotional visits to these shores for the latest new weekly comic launch.

Cover artwork to Super Spider-Man with the Superheroes #161 (Wilson/Esposito) - it had only just switched to Landscape format proportions with #158.

Thankfully, soon convinced that I was on the level with what I’d been writing and researching, Wergan cast an initial eye over what I had, greatly expanding upon that, and then I began to ask questions based on this new input. The next decade continued much in this vein as other (often extensive) sources of fresh info came to light – such as the discovery of a year’s worth of UK-related content within Stan Lee’s archive, including that tantalisingly listed videotape of the Roundhouse evening as previously mentioned on this blog – all of which threw up fresh avenues of enquiry and further questions that required answers.

This would often lead to metaphors around the action of my continued ‘digging’.

It's predominantly for this reason that it’s taken so much longer than anticipated to bring From Cents to Pence! to fruition. The current brief extract concerning Dracula Lives, just published in #87 of the online magazine Journey Planet, only scratches the surface of what you can expect in the book. You’ll find much that’s new in the longer version contained within the chapter this was filleted out of! And look out for another exclusive extract in that magazine during late spring next year.

To be honest I’d completely forgotten about this feature, which had been arranged back in April, so its publication now is strange, yet absolutely apt, serving as a perfect tribute to Ray’s considerable efforts in promoting and expanding the Marvel brand in Britain.

I could never persuade him of the merits of setting his thoughts down on paper for a fully-fledged biography. Judging by those anecdotes that I have featured, plus a few in confidence that I’m unable to relate, this would have been an enthralling read; ranging across a career that began in sports reporting, and later in managing syndication for the US office of a major UK newspaper, before that drew him – with perfect timing – into Stan Lee’s dream of a truly British Marvel operation.

Fortunately, what Wergan did reveal to me about his past life and work makes for more than a fitting micro memoir, as already incorporated into my book, so all is not lost by any means. And to have thirteen years to draw from his extensive well of knowledge was truly a gift.

This was time well spent, just as with others I’d once spoken to, and now lost to us, from Herb Trimpe to Frank Springer, Dave Hunt, and David Anthony Kraft, to sadly name but a few. It just underlines how vital it is to get the medium’s history recorded right now – tomorrow may be too late.

On a personal note, I shall also miss our irregular chats, which – as you may well imagine, after that number of years – had widened considerably, far beyond just talk of eight years of toil at the Marvel tiller. I shall also miss his humour, insight, and helpful encouragement in the crazy task I long ago set myself.

Wergan was the original ‘true gentleman’ – the world is all the poorer for his passing.

You'll find a companion obituary on Down the Tubes (with thanks to John Freeman for the additional links therein, as well as the additional images chosen).

From Out of the Vortex - A Long Overdue Update!

Anyone who’s gradually taken on caring responsibilities for an aging relative knows only too well the impact it has on their own life – driving a coach and horses through any sense of work/life balance (or life/work balance as I’ve always weighted that cliché). Such has been the case for me over the past few years, which is why the there’s been a paucity of any new material going up on here to update you on progress towards completing From Cents to Pence!, and although you might be expecting bad news from that opening sentence, that’s not at all the case.

Yes, forward movement has been frustratingly much slower of late (for me, never mind for you!), but more positively things are still moving in the right direction, so much so that I’m now circling round the latter few chapters devoted to the present Panini era of Marvel in Britain and can definitely see an end in sight this year.

Why post this news now? Well, the eagle-eyed amongst you may well have spotted my by-line in the new edition of Doctor Who Magazine – their mega #600 celebration, no less – where I offered up a last-minute history piece that was accepted, taking pride of place below their feature on the making of the cover.

Squint closely, and you might just spot a few covers from my own collection – the Panini archives missing some twenty-odd issues, doubtless removed for reference purposes, and then absent-mindedly never returned – which I was more than happy to loan them to create what must be the most unusual littering of any Tardis set ever built. Thanks to Jason and Mike for allowing me the chance to play a very small part in acknowledging the scope and longevity of Dez Skinn’s most long-lasting contribution to Marvel’s continuing British invasion.

When I have more news on the book, you can be sure it’ll be posted here, although when that might be is impossible to pin down. As I mention in DWM #600, it’s really only the Doctor Who material that needs resolving now in the final chapters, along with some fine-tuning to bring things up to date in the final chapter.

Call me daft, but, having split apart a couple of the Panini chapters into smaller chunks since I last posted a chapter summary on here, at 60 chapters the resulting reordering seems a neater, more-rounded amount, than the previous 59 chapter spread.

Outside of the book, I’ve also been continuing to accrue material for the revived re:VOX magazine, and out of an interview feature with Richard Burgess set to appear in the next edition of Blitzed magazine due in March, Richard was so keen to continue catching up after our previous chat back in 2010, that they’ll be enough additional material (alongside some offcuts that couldn’t be squeezed into that magazine) for a separate feature for a future re:VOX too.

And with the likelihood that a 40th anniversary edition of Lament will be the next deluxe Ultravox boxset this year, and with a confirmed new art book from John Foxx via Rocket 88 due out in the first half of the year too, there’s still plenty of other things still to cover.

So far, so good for 2024!

More news when I have it, so for now, do take care one and all.

New year, next steps... From Cents to Pence! 2022 update #1

Happy New Year everyone!

As I've been promising over on some of the Marvel Facebook groups, a much over-due update on the progress of From Cents to Pence! This isn't going to be the longest post, but when you've got news this exciting, it doesn't need to be!

Okay, so I didn't quite hit my target of wrapping everything up by the end of 2021, but we're now very close (adopting the editorial 'we' there)!

The big news is that things are now moving up a gear at last!

I'm very pleased to announce that tonight I'm going to be sending across the final drafts of the Preface and Chapter 1 to Dez to kick-start proofing. Over the next weeks ye Ed will then start working his way carefully chapter-by-chapter through the following 24 chapters up to the halfway point in the book (coincidentally also half way through Dez's era too), which I've almost finished doing final passes through now.

The Uncanny X-Men join Rampage Monthly... so the US imports stop (1979 advert)

Should you want a reminder of what Dez will be reading through, that revised chapter breakdown we featured in one of last year's posts has remained the same, which you'll find here: A Distant Beacon: From Cents to Pence! - Celebrating 70 years of Marvel in the UK: 2021 update 1.

While Dez is working his way through all of those chapters I'll be able to return to finishing off work on the indices at the rear of the book. They're the main reason why I ended up over-running last year, as I had a lot of gap-filling information to go into them (The Real Ghostbusters and foreign reprinted strips in particular) and they also needed to brought up to the end of last year, having been parked at 2002 since the focus shifted on to the history and then stayed there over the past decade or so. A few interesting discoveries came out of this process too... which is nice!

The Real Ghostbusters Monthly #1, with its free gift of a clothes patch

After this I can return to resolving the Doctor Who Magazine sections of the book and close-out the final four chapters at last - as much a process of adding things in as pruning them back, in this instance. At which point I'll be able to do a final pass on the final 25 chapters before starting to send those over to Dez too!

With the scope of the book having long-since expanded from just being about Marvel UK and Panini, to take in the whole panoply of British comics featuring Marvel strips going right back to 1951, one of the nice additions to the Gazetteer section is a full set of indices to all the Marvel/Atlas content in TV21 as well. So yes, Homer the Happy Ghost will be haunting there too :)

TV21 #76 - the arrival of the Marvel Heroes...
mixing it up with such oddities as Harry Hobo and several British adventures serials

But before you cry "more, please", yes I would have liked to have featured all the Power comics too, but I'm only half way through that, as I have incomplete runs of Pow!, Smash! and Wham!. If anyone can help out with the contents of the missing issues, let me know, and it'll definitely be a firm addition for any future updated edition. Ideally I'd like to see scans of the full issues, which is how I was able to index Fantastic and Terrific in full, but that'll be a job-and-a-half for another time, as I say.

I think what we do have for you will be more than enough to be going on with in the meantime ;) I hope so, anyway!

More soon!

From Cents to Pence! update (plus a very special edition of Captain Britain #7)

Firstly, a quick update, and then a poser to end on (as posted out on Facebook earlier).

Since January (and, admittedly, aided tremendously by Lockdown #3) I’ve been adding in a considerable amount of material not originally featured, and some upgrades to iron out some inconsistencies that became apparent once I began revisiting those files, largely untouched since 2007.

I’d forgotten just how much work was involved when I originally compiled the indices to almost everything published by Marvel in the UK since 1972 (and since 1967 by World Distributors and TV21), so it’s only now that I've nearly reached a point where I can start proofing it all before moving back to finish off all that remains, the last few chapters of the book and some of the Doctor Who Magazine content.

I've also made some unexpected discoveries with regards to some of the foreign material that John Freeman has kindly flagged up on his Down the Tubes site over the past year or so, as well as discovering some originated material published during the past few years that I was entirely unaware of.

In the meantime, here’s a poser guaranteed to get you rummaging through your collections of Marvel's 1970s weeklies :)

Captain Britain #7 was unique in two ways, both in relation to any other issue in the 1976/77 series, and indeed to any other Marvel UK weekly at the time.

Firstly, it contained a staple of other British comics, the pull-out, cut and fold booklet - in this case, an edited version of Howard the Duck’s first appearance, perhaps answering readers demands that Howard feature somewhere in the weeklies. More importantly, and the reason for this posting, is that #7 gave 100 lucky readers the chance to win one of five Stan Lee-signed copies of Bring on the Bad Guys, with the other 95 receiving an undisclosed prize instead.

As pictured, turning to the regular Fun Page feature by Owen McCarron, readers needed to focus their attention on a special box in the bottom right corner, just in case their copy contained an additional special message.

You’ll have guessed where I'm headed with this, I’m sure! What was the message? I've never seen a copy to learn if it was indeed an expensive over-print, as the text implies. #17 later revealed that the message was 'Excelsior', although whether all hundred copies were purchased at the time and every single copy mailed in to High Holborn to win a prize isn't clear.

However, just in case they weren’t all given up, I thought that you might fancy checking out your copies of #7 just in case you have that special message inside. While you’re rather too late to redeem the original prize, of course, if anyone does have the special page lurking in their collection and can provide a high quality scan for us, they can at least bask in seeing a very rare page from a comic in their collection in print for all to view.

Who knows, maybe there's still a copy or two somewhere across the globe. After all issues of the series were imported into the US and Canada, and no doubt across the Antipodes too. Happy hunting :)

From Cents to Pence! latest + can you help #1

I'd forgotten just how much work was involved in compiling the original indices to Marvel's published UK output when the time came to revisit and update from 2000, where it had been left when writing on the history kicked in. I won't bore you with some of the stylistic changes needed for consistency - but I had a lot of fresh material to add that involved a lot of typing but provided the chance to fill in some annoying blanks.

Thanks to the input of various kind souls across the internet, in addition to the info on The Real Ghostbusters I'd secured last year, I now have full title info on Galaxy Rangers and Captain Planet, plus a few other oddities that I didn't buy at the time. As well as making a discovery about the ongoing Spider-Man magazine - for several years it's been running tranches of exclusive material, also published in Panini's European editions.

The good news is that I've almost finished with this - bar some intensive proofing - so I can soon return to the final task, finishing up the final chapters of the book detailing the Panini era.

With that overdue update out of the way, I'm hoping someone out there maybe able to help with the first of several searches I've fallen short on. These won't affect completion of the book - if I can resolve them then they'll be one of several holdovers for any subsequent updated edition. One of the things I've been looking at in recent years are the various foreign strips published in the UK - in the past week I seem to have resolved almost all of them once I'd deciphered a specialist website devoted to Tintin magazine (yes, they ran quite a few things from out of its pages in the mid-1980s), but not quite everything.

Here's one to get you thinking: Betty Boop - courtesy of a one-off Valentine's Day Special and various editions of The Marvel Bumper Comic. In the attached gallery below I've now been tipped off that the strip (images 1) probably came from a four issues series published by Gevion, but in which issue did it appear? I've also included the only Sunday page whose date is missing (all the others published were from 1985)? Good hunting!

Another search request and update will follow shortly.

Rob

Promises, promises... why I want From Cents to Pence! completed in 2021

Inspired by one thoughtful response posted on this site yesterday, and in line with my promise to run more regular updates, I thought it might be useful to explain precisely why you haven't seen From Cents to Pence! before now... and why that is actually a very positive thing.

BACK IN THE BEGINNING...

As you may be aware, the original impetus for this book dates all the way back to 1990, and my growing curiosity about what had and hadn't appeared in Marvel's British comics, in order to create a wants to list to plug holes where stories were skipped (Marvel Team-Up I'm particularly looking at you!) or to supplement for any series where stories were butchered... ahem... 'edited' for reasons of continuity, format (the Marvel Revolution) or space. A nice little summer job, I thought ;)

Armed with the only available tools - a set of those wonderful George Olshevsky Marvel Index books (this was pre-internet days after all, folks), and later the Marvel cover book from the library - I set to the appointed task with gusto. The result was a large heap of paper and some very strange results in some places. For instance, one series appeared to have had far more stories published in the UK than in the US, which surely couldn't be right... could it?

Clearly more work was required, and during a period of several years between jobs, this gave me the time to start developing things further - buying up cheap sets of comics to reference titles not covered by Olshevsky, as yet, where my friend didn't own those issues (and thanks for letting me view, and buy some of, what you did have, Andrew!). Comics International then arrived and I was soon able to take full advantage of the small ads to fill in most of the gaps in my UK collection so that I could then fully index every story in every UK edition.

By the mid-1990s, my aim was to produce a British equivalent of those Olshevsky guides. If not for the regular persistence of Steve Holland (then editor of Comic World magazine) and Dez Skinn - who kindly allowed me to join Comics International's 'brains trust' on their Q&A pages (also publishing my story search requests) - that I should write a history as well, then it's likely that a guide to Marvel UK's published output would have appeared during the early Noughties as the internet allowed me to complete that research.

Now, I'm not trying to apportion any blame here, I should add! Steve and Dez were absolutely right to gently keep encouraging me to go further, and I'm glad that they did. I'd always been curious about the unwritten back story of Marvel in Britain, but just never expected to be the one to write it. With so little information out there pre-WWW, it seemed an impossible task, as three abandoned drafts working to a thin skeleton outline seemed to prove. Still, letters to other publications, particularly the late, lamented CBG, drew some interesting responses, and the arrival of the internet then opened up all sorts of new contact opportunities. None of us ever expected where this would all end up!

WHAT YOU ALMOST SAW - Parts 1 and 2

In one of its earlier guises, the book had been known as The Mighty World of Marvel UK, at least until Panini's revival of the comic that had inspired the name well and truly scotched that idea. A pre-DTP manual artwork, paste-up version under that name had been largely completed by then, and a copy was sent to the Comics International offices. I was later told that this invoked a mixture of fear and wonder amongst staffers at the scope and detail of the indices, and after a long quizzing from Dez with regards to my self-publishing plans, he offered to come on board as editor. I was hardly going to say no, was I?!

So, why didn't the book then come out circa 2005? Well, CI was still taking up a lot of Dez's time and so publication plans were simmered until he sold the magazine to new owners and began to develop his new publishing plans - the fruits of which we've now been seeing in recent times with various Quality collected editions. With more information increasingly coming to light by 2010 my history had reached a point where it seemed to be as complete as I could make it based on what I'd uncovered up to that point.

By 2010, magazines like Comic Book Marketplace, Comic Book Artist, Alter Ego and Back Issue had become a boon for new UK-related facts issuing forth from their many interviewees, and by then I'd spoken to many of the people I'd hoped to locate, some who'd been put in touch with me by others such as Alan Murray and Herb Trimpe, and a few who I didn't know before then, but who also had great stories to tell.

Of course, there were others who'd slipped through the net, and if you've been following this blog since it began, you'll know that I regarded two of the most important misses as Ray Wergan and Neil Tennant. Still, I couldn't wait forever, and by then I was teaching myself the use of InDesign as I began to construct a new electronic layout based on the original paste-up version, and in the build up to Marvel UK's 30th anniversary it seemed the perfect time to wrap things up. I'd completed several chapters before that fateful Saturday during 2011...

ONE MORE TIME

It's a good job that I hadn't turned over more than one page of that Saturday's edition of The Times, because a name immediately jumped out at me in their, always fascinating, often sparky, reader Feedback column. That correspondent was one Raymond Wergan, writing about the use of columnist's photos in the paper. Knowing by then that Wergan had run an agency supplying photos and other materials to the press, while also looking after Marvel's output until Dez had taken over in late 1978, I knew I'd found my man!

Dashing upstairs later that day to pen an urgent request, the columnist hosting the feature at the time very kindly, and promptly forwarded an introductory letter to Ray, and a few days later he responded to me directly. A decade long conversation then commenced, although I admit that neither of us would ever have expected that outcome back then.

Ray had never been interviewed about his involvement with Marvel before, and as the months rolled on, it became clear that while nothing I'd written thus far was really wrong, bar a few specific details, there was so much more I'd been unaware of and he had a lot to say about the operation that had never been revealed before. Answers to questions revealed new questions that needed asking, much like lifting up a huge boulder to secure a fossil only to reveal another hidden underneath, and as I began to further investigate and research the things I was learning, so many other new things were then uncovered.

Naively, I expected this process to extend completion of the text by a year or so, but thought it definitely worth the wait. In the meantime, I'd uncovered a whole other side to the history of Marvel in America that had led up to the decision to go for Britain in a big way in late 1972, knowing now why it was that year that MWOM had started up and not in any other one. And then there was the discovery of the Stan Lee archives at Wyoming University, and a treasure trove of British paperwork as well as that Roundhouse recording. While I wouldn't finally get to finally view that footage until last year (as posted about recently here), by then I'd quickly made full use of Lee's archived paperwork straightaway and had spoken to Neil Tennant by another quirk of fate (also posted here after the fact). One productive weekend of trawling the 'net had also managed to locate two British editors in one go - Peta Skingley and Maureen Softley. Everything was happening at once, and the discoveries were thrilling.

A DIFFERENT ANIMAL

Of course, I do have a personal life and a demanding job too. At this point a confluence of various things occurred to slow my progress, but in-between I still pushed forward. In 2017 I then came to an abrupt standstill, with echoes of the present world situation, when I was completely flattened by a particularly nasty flu strain doing the rounds that left me with an infected lung and a five-month recuperation in all during a glorious spring and summer. Weirdly, the first lockdown last year almost perfectly matched that period from start to finish, and with much the same weather, too. It wasn't until the spring of 2018 that I felt ready to ease back into looking at the book afresh, and it was soon obvious what parts of the text needed more work to finish things off.

After spending six years cycling around the period 1951 to 1978, as I read further on past that point, some chapters - written, in the main, many years earlier now - were too patchy in places and not presented in the same depth that the first half of the book was. It would have been jarringly obvious to anyone reading things as they stood. The key areas were obvious, and it's those I've been ticking off ever since. Captain Britain and the Overkill era were two big areas to be completed. A full overview of The Real Ghostbusters was added at last during 2020, leaving later chapters involving Doctor Who and the final four devoted to the Panini era still to be completed.

An American cover converted by the Power Comics team into a recap page, introducing the plot for that week's Avengers instalment inside the pages of Fantastic #72.

I'll be coming back to those latter chapters in the next few weeks after I've finished updating all the indices to accommodate The Real Ghostbusters and several other series that I was previously unable to feature, as they were not titles I'd bought at the time. I've also been working on two parallel projects with fellow researchers that will also feed into the book, one of which will provide a skeleton guide to the many nursery titles not indexed in the book, the other providing accurate credits for the US artists involved on covers, pin-ups and splash pages during 1972 to 1979 or so. I also managed to complete, and typeset, a long-running TV21 index last year, and over 2/5 of a Power Comics index for potential inclusion too.

Galaxy Rangers advert - a series now fully indexed alongside the merger with Thundercats, the later Annual and the strip in the Marvel Bumper Comic Holiday Special

After finally getting to watch the Roundhouse footage last year, and by a fluke, finding a specialist researcher just before the pandemic who managed to locate something special for me in the British Library (a vital, unrecorded until now, connecting point between TV21 and MWOM) - both of which were vital loose threads that still needed stitching in - it suddenly feels like everything has finally fallen into place in a way that it obviously hadn't back in 2011. The book is now a very different beast from that presumptuous young cub that thought it was finished a decade earlier, and I think all the better for its delayed maturity.

ENDGAME

I hope this reassures you that the long journey to complete From Cents to Pence! has been a worthwhile one, and that I'm not hanging things out so as 'just' to keep adding in the latest nugget of information - that's a process that could go on forever! I've long since accepted that a book like this will never be truly complete when there's always more out there still to be revealed.

As further proof of this desire to finally wrap things up, due to the decade it's taken to effectively overwrite and reshape much of what I had into something which now tells a much more unexpected story (and I never thought I'd end up writing so much about Marvel in America, for one thing), there simply aren't enough hours in the day to now go back and expand the indices to also cover the first two decades of the Panini era in full. As a compromise, for his edition I intend to provide full details of all the regular titles, Specials, Annuals that have been released from 2000 up to the end of 2020, but will only be able to list any originated material they contained - a full series-by-series catalogue of all the US material they contained, in the style adopted for everything published from 1972 up to 1999, will take some time to research and assemble (that's hundreds of pages of records to go through, as I've been logging everything as its released, title-by-title over the past two decades plus) and so will have to wait for a future, updated edition should that ever become a desirable necessity.

So, I hope you're now convinced that I really do want to get this wrapped up, not just for my own sanity, but to allow you to finally see what all this fuss has been about! And, of course, 2022 will mark 70 years of Marvel in British comics, in all its many forms, starting with Thorpe & Porter right through to Panini, which is surely something to celebrate!

From Cents to Pence! - Celebrating 70 years of Marvel in the UK: 2021 update 1

As promised, here’s the latest in a more regular (I hope) series of updates in the months to come on the progress of From Cents to Pence!

The pandemic has been a difficult time and induced a strange mixture of emotions for everyone. I’ve been fortunate enough to have been in a position to make good use of both the first, and now latest, lockdowns to massively push forward work on the book, such as filling in the remaining Thundercats information from the few issues I never bought (it’s a long story, and a rare and stupid mistake, as I’ve never been able to purchase more than a handful of them since for my own collection), and also inserting a huge amount of information into the history and indices covering almost every issue from the various series connected to The Real Ghostbusters, along with full details of the long-lived main title. These were all major omissions from the book, of course, so a huge thanks to all those who provided scans or the relevant hard-copy details.

During these unexpected periods of research, on both occasions I’ve also found myself taking unexpected, but useful detours in to areas I hadn’t expected to look at until any future up-dated edition - this time around due to managing to lock myself out of my laptop due to a saving glitch.

The other useful outcome of this unexpected break from hardcore typesetting and formatting has also inspired a slight change to the shape of the chapter structure, in as much as I’ve reduced the number of grouped headings, inspired by the solution to a clue in The Puzzler no less (a title that I originally started purchasing regularly not long after discovering Marvel’s own range of British published delights, only abandoning sometime in the mid 1980s until now, except for the occasional Christmas and anniversary edition).

This simple change to the chapter groupings, which also obliterates those untidy date overlaps, seems so blindingly obvious that I’ve no idea why it has never occurred to me before now! It also provides something that has been lacking before now - a straightforward terminology for viewing the overall shape of Marvel’s relationship with Britain since 1951, in the same way that such terminology has long been applied to American comics as a whole, from the ‘Golden Age’ to the ‘Modern Age’ and beyond. In Britain, the defining eras are much sharper to zoom in on, but see what you think with the revised groupings below...

THE LICENSED AGE (1951-1971)

Chapters 1-4: A brief history of Marvel in America, with a view to highlighting how the early years of Stan Lee’s career pointed the way towards the formation of a British magazine division; Marvel in British comics from 1951 up to 1970; Developments at Marvel in America that led up to the start of the British project.

Power Comics house advert from Terrific before the retrenchment began

THE MARVEL AGE (1972-1978)

Chapters 5-20: The secret origin of British Marvel; The confluence of initially unrelated business decisions in America that led to the formation of the UK wing, and how Stan Lee, Albert Landau and (yes) Chip Goodman became involved; a tale of two cities – how it was all run under the watchful gaze of Sol Brodsky and Ray Wergan; the backstory behind all the comics they produced from 1972-8.

THE MARVEL UK AGE (1978-1999)

Chapters 21-36: The Marvel Revolution! – the inside line on the whys and wherefores of the re-shaping of the UK line in 1979 and the comics now produced directly by the London office; Title-by-title, through Paul Neary's post-'Revolution' publishing explosion and the start of the ‘Marvel UK’-branding; The third coming of Captain Britain; Their huge success in licensed (toy) comics.

One of several slightly-bigger-than-US sized comics from the mid-1980s - Droids and Alf were others.
Not be confused with any other Dennis, of course!

Chapters 37-47: Moving on through Marvel UK’s first toe-tip into publishing comics also sold in America, through to the last knockings of the Overkill-era of UK created American colour comics (which also includes an in-depth title-by-title look at many of the titles that didn’t quite happen during that period), and all the UK comics released during that period; How Marvel UK was merged with Panini’s UK operation under Marvel America’s control, as the company on both sides of the Atlantic re-orientated after the direct market crash; The birth of the Collector’s Editions.

THE PANINI AGE (1999-2021+)

Chapters 48-50: The sale of Marvel UK to Panini in the wake of Marvel America’s Chapter 11 deal; The expansion of the Collector’s Editions; New formats, experiments and surviving perhaps the most difficult period of history that publishers have had to face in centuries.

And that’s it... at least for now!

P.S. Apologies for the repeated illustrative material from the last post on this topic, which is entirely due to having to fall back on a more basic computer in the interim.